None of the above. I quit carrying a compass 15 years ago. Carried one for 30 years and never used it. I do most of my travel in mountains and am good at reading maps. I also do not use a GPS. Unless it is overcast, all you need is to know what time it is, what time of the year it is, and a have a shadow. I do not hike in deep forests - not fond of that environment. My husband says I have an internal compass - perhaps he is right. Staying oriented has never been a problem.