BZH,

Thanks for the redirect. Dr. Herrero is a reputable source for black bear behavior. My neighbor was charged by a bear this spring up at Lake Tahoe while working on a remote estate. The bear did not warn of his intentions by wuffing or snapping his jaws. He circled around the construction site for about 30 minutes, put his shoulder down and charged. My friend made it to his truck with about 25 feet to spare.