An unused paint can, available at paint stores, might be a possibility. The seal is good enough to keep paint from drying out, so may be odor-proof as well. It would certainly keep out mice and squirrels...a persistent (and smart) raccoon might get the top off. A gallon-size can would hold enough for a few days, maybe more. I'm not sure if larger cans exist.

I haven't tried this, but it seems like a good idea. Has anyone here tried it?