I've winter camped with my winter tent while it snowed and one night with no tent at all, not even a tarp, just a trench shelter with my bag and light bivy. The weather was perfect, I was protected by trees and there was no wind. It's all weather dependent. Keep in mind that recently an experienced hiker died in the Mt. Washington area during a bad storm. She was day hiking, had a PLB, set it off, but died before the rescuers could find her. Her death set off an online storm of comments and several news articles focusing on her gear, skills and decisionmaking.
She was out in 100 mph winds and no, that is not a misprint or exaggeration. Mt. Washington has some of the worst weather in the world. I saw some video of rescuers blown off their feet by the wind.
The bottom line is you can be fine with minimal gear in good conditions or die even if well equipped if you ignore the conditions or the forecast.